The Influence of Social Media on Alcohol Consumption of Mothers of Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of the Literature.

Alcohol misuse is a common problem in many countries, where alcohol is often portrayed as a fun and interactive coping strategy for mothers to manage the demands of motherhood. Social media platforms have established themselves as a popular forum for mothers to share information and create an environment in which mothers may be exposed to and influenced by alcohol-related content. Given the increased social acceptance and normalization of drinking among mothers, especially during the recent pandemic, a critical analysis of social media influences on alcohol behaviours and consumption is warranted. A scoping review mapped the evidence on social media influences and alcohol consumption among mothers of children and teenagers younger than eighteen years old. Several databases were consulted, and the evidence was collated into two themes and seven subthemes. Factors related to alcohol consumption in motherhood include (1) community and social support, (2) coping and mental health, (3) motherhood expectations and identity, (4) alcohol consumption, (5) marketing strategies, (6) everyday issues, and (7) social media influence. Numerous social, economic, and health problems are associated with alcohol misuse. The current literature suggests that social media is a powerful tool to disseminate messages about alcohol and normalize mothers' drinking behaviours.

The simulation design in health and nursing: A scoping review.

AIMS: The aims of this study were to map the components of the simulation design in health and nursing and to propose a classification based on their definitions to support the planning of simulation-based experiences. DESIGN: Scoping review. METHOD: Searches were performed in the databases LILACS, Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ProQuest Thesis and Dissertation were performed, without time limitation, to identify studies about simulation design. RESULTS: This study mapped 19 components of the simulation design found in 26 studies included, which can contribute to the development of simulation-based experiences, classified into structural, methodological and theoretical-pedagogical components. The simulation design can be described according to its fundamental components: structural-define the basic formulation of a simulation in terms of infrastructure and conceptual framework; methodological-define the participants, roles and the instruction format; and theoretical-pedagogical-define the educational references used to support the simulation strategy.

Permanent health education in a nursing technician course.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the understandings of a pedagogical intervention on the Brazilian National Policy of Permanent Health Education targeted at secondary technical and vocational nursing students. METHOD: Applied, pedagogical intervention study conducted with twenty-three students of a secondary technical nursing course; questionnaires, focal group, and thematic content analysis were employed. RESULTS: Intervention, collectively built by manager, nursing teachers, and researchers, is assessed to have led to a problematization of the concepts of education and continuing and permanent education. The following thematic categories emerged from the analysis: Prior knowledge of students and understandings of the classroom intervention; Relation between permanent education and educational welcome in health units; Ethics concerns and the articulation of care practice and theory; and Work process and approximations to permanent health education. CONCLUSION: The pedagogical intervention is assessed to have favored the critical reflection of the aspiring nursing technicians on permanent health education and the need for a collaborative pedagogical planning for aligning the health team's work process.

A Serious Game (Immunitates) About Immunization: Development and Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination is a fundamental part of all levels-local to worldwide-of public health, and it can be considered one of humanity's greatest achievements in the control and elimination of infectious diseases. Teaching immunization and vaccination can be monotonous and tiring. It is necessary to develop new approaches for teaching these themes in nursing school. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop and validate a serious game about immunization and vaccination for Brazilian nursing students. METHODS: We developed a quiz-type game, Immunitates, using design and educational theoretical models and Brazilian National Health Guidelines. The game's heuristics and content were evaluated with 2 different instruments by a team of experts. A sample of nursing students evaluated the validity of the game's heuristics only. We calculated the content validity index (CVI) for each evaluation. RESULTS: The study included 49 experts and 15 nursing students. All evaluations demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach α≥.86). The game's heuristics (experts: CVI 0.75-1.0; students: CVI 0.67-1.0) and the game's contents demonstrated validity (experts: CVI 0.73-1.0). Participants identified some specific areas for improvement in the next version. CONCLUSIONS: The serious game appears to be valid. It is intended as a support tool for nursing students in the teaching-learning process and as a tool for continuing education for nurses.

Educação interprofessional na formação em saúde no Brasil: scoping review / Interprofessional Education in Health training in Brazil: Scoping Review

Resumo: Introdução: A educação interprofissional (EIP) pode ser um caminho para aprimorar o cuidado em saúde ao promover oportunidades para que estudantes desenvolvam competências para trabalho em equipe, prática colaborativa e integralidade do cuidado; contudo, os efeitos da implementação da EIP no Brasil precisam ser explorados. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo mapear a produção científica brasileira sobre a aprendizagem de alunos de cursos da saúde no contexto da EIP, os desafios e os avanços para formadores e gestão. Método: Trata-se de uma scoping review para responder à seguinte questão: "Como tem ocorrido a aprendizagem de estudantes brasileiros em processos formativos que utilizam a abordagem da EIP na visão do estudante, formador e gestor?". A busca ocorreu nas bases Web of Science, Periódicos Capes, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com o descritor/palavra-chave "educação interprofissional". Buscaram-se trabalhos de 2010 a 2020, publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol, em que o Brasil foi o país de publicação ou de origem do estudo. Identificaram-se 145 estudos, dos quais 53 eram duplicados. Analisaram-se 92, e 28 compuseram a amostra final. Os achados foram organizados em "EIP na perspectiva do estudante"; "Formadores na ótica da EIP"; "Avanços e desafios na gestão de ensino e saúde"; "Recomendações para EIP no contexto brasileiro". Resultado: O público-alvo envolveu estudantes, residentes, formadores e equipe de saúde, totalizando 2.886 participantes. A aprendizagem na lógica da EIP permite ao estudante reconhecer a integralidade da assistência ao paciente e o SUS como norteador das ações de saúde. Os formadores são relevantes no desenvolvimento do trabalho colaborativo, mas têm pouca capacitação pedagógica, pouca motivação e pouco apoio institucional. A gestão compreende a EIP como ferramenta complementar no apoio a outras reformas brasileiras, contudo esforços são necessários para a integração ensino-serviço-comunidade e a promoção do currículo integrado. Conclusão: Quando se realizou o mapeamento sobre EIP, identificou-se que os estudos estão alinhados com o SUS para a transformação da formação e a qualificação do cuidado, demonstrando a potencialidade da EIP para os currículos da saúde. A aprendizagem de alunos, mediada pela interprofissionalidade, tem facilitado o desenvolvimento das competências requeridas, de modo a atender às DCN e às necessidades do SUS, apesar dos diversos desafios enfrentados pelos estudantes, formadores e gestores.

Abstract: Introduction: Interprofessional education (IPE) can be used to improve health care by promoting opportunities for students to develop competencies for teamwork, collaborative practice and comprehensive care. However, the effects of IPE implementation in the Brazilian context need to be explored. Objective: To map the Brazilian scientific production on the learning of students attending health courses in the context of IPE, challenges and advances for educators and management. Method: A scoping review was carried out to answer the following question: How does student learning occur in formative processes that use the IPE approach from the viewpoint of students, educators and managers? The search took place in the Web of Science databases, Capes, Scopus and Virtual Health Library, using the descriptor/keyword "interprofessional education." Publications were searched from 2010 to 2020, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish, of which Brazil was the country of publication or origin of the study. We identified 145 studies; 53 were duplicated, 92 were analyzed, and 28 comprised the final sample. The findings were organized into "IPE from the student's perspective,"; " IPE from the educators' perspective,"; "Advances and challenges in teaching and health management,"; "Recommendations for IPE in the Brazilian context." Results: The target audience involved students, residents, facilitators and health staff, totaling 2,886 participants. Learning according to the IPE allows the student to recognize the integrality of patient care and the SUS as the guide of health actions. The facilitator is relevant in developing collaborative work but has little pedagogical training, motivation, and institutional support. Management understands IPE as a complementary tool, supporting other Brazilian politician reforms, but efforts are needed to promote teaching-service-community integration and endorse the integrated curriculum. Conclusion: By mapping IPE, it was identified that the studies are aligned with the SUS to transform the training and qualification of care, demonstrating the potential of IPE for health curricula. Student learning, mediated by interprofessionality, has facilitated the development of the competencies required to meet the DCNs and the needs of the SUS, despite the various challenges faced by the students, educators and management.

Permanent health education in a nursing technician course / Educación permanente en salud en la formación de técnicos de enfermería / Educação permanente em saúde na formação de técnicos em enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the understandings of a pedagogical intervention on the Brazilian National Policy of Permanent Health Education targeted at secondary technical and vocational nursing students. Method: Applied, pedagogical intervention study conducted with twenty-three students of a secondary technical nursing course; questionnaires, focal group, and thematic content analysis were employed. Results: Intervention, collectively built by manager, nursing teachers, and researchers, is assessed to have led to a problematization of the concepts of education and continuing and permanent education. The following thematic categories emerged from the analysis: Prior knowledge of students and understandings of the classroom intervention; Relation between permanent education and educational welcome in health units; Ethics concerns and the articulation of care practice and theory; and Work process and approximations to permanent health education. Conclusion: The pedagogical intervention is assessed to have favored the critical reflection of the aspiring nursing technicians on permanent health education and the need for a collaborative pedagogical planning for aligning the health team's work process.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las comprensiones de una intervención pedagógica sobre la Política Nacional de Educación Permanente en Salud de Brasil en estudiantes de educación profesional técnica de nivel medio en enfermería. Método: Investigación aplicada, de tipo intervención pedagógica, realizada con veintitrés estudiantes de un curso técnico de enfermería; se utilizaron cuestionarios, grupo focal y análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Se evaluó que la intervención, construida colectivamente entre gestores, profesores e investigadores, permitió problematizar los conceptos de educación y educación continua y permanente. Del análisis surgieron las categorías temáticas Conocimiento previo de los estudiantes y comprensión de la intervención en la clase; Relación entre la educación permanente y la acogida pedagógica en las unidades de salud; Preocupaciones por la ética y la articulación teórico-práctica en la atención; y Proceso de trabajo y las aproximaciones a la educación permanente en salud. Conclusión: Se evaluó que la intervención pedagógica favoreció la reflexión crítica de los futuros técnicos de enfermería sobre la educación permanente y la necesidad de planificación pedagógica colaborativa para alinear el proceso de trabajo del equipo de salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as compreensões de uma intervenção pedagógica sobre a Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde em estudantes da educação profissional técnica de nível médio em enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa aplicada, do tipo intervenção pedagógica, realizada com vinte e três estudantes de curso técnico de enfermagem; utilizaram-se questionários, grupo focal e análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Avalia-se que a intervenção, construída coletivamente entre gestor, professores e pesquisadores, oportunizou a problematização dos conceitos de educação e educação continuada e permanente. Da análise emergiram as categorias temáticas Conhecimento prévio dos estudantes e compreensões da intervenção em sala de aula; Relação entre educação permanente e acolhimento pedagógico nas unidades de saúde; As inquietações sobre a ética e a articulação teórico-prática no cuidado; e Processo de trabalho e as aproximações com a educação permanente em saúde. Conclusão: Avaliou-se que a intervenção pedagógica favoreceu a reflexão crítica pelo futuro técnico de enfermagem sobre a educação permanente e a necessidade do planejamento pedagógico colaborativo para o alinhamento do processo de trabalho da equipe de saúde.

Receiving spontaneous demand in Primary Care: nurses' learning needs.

OBJECTIVE: Identify nurse's learning needs to be related to the reception with risk classification of spontaneous demand in Primary Health Care. METHOD: Quality study including 15 nurses from Primary Health Care through participatory observation, application of semi-structured instrument, focus group, and of thematic content analysis. RESULTS: 80% of nurses never used the risk classification protocol in Primary Health Care. Knowledge gaps involving clinical aspects of care; protocol management, and the nurse's role; and the historic, structural and cultural contradictions of the care model were confirmed. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The recognition of learning needs for nurses that work in Primary Health Care implies in the construction or improvement of knowledge in order to develop, along with the health team, a risk classification of spontaneous demand, which requires a change in the education and continuity of their qualification for work and at work.

Design and evaluation of a 3D serious game for communication learning in nursing education.

BACKGROUND: Communication is essential for nursing practice; such competence is not intuitive and must be taught. Serious games in 3D virtual reality can support the nursing teaching-learning process; students connected to the virtual world can apply what they have learned in their professional practice. AIM: To describe the design and heuristic evaluation of a serious game in 3D immersive VR for the development of communication competence. METHOD: A methodological study was conducted to develop and evaluate the serious game in a 3D immersive virtual environment using Oculus Rift®, called Comunica-Enf. The game consists of the user asking for authorization to the patient's avatar to perform a nursing procedure using communication abilities. Professors from six nursing courses and 30 students from two undergraduate nursing courses were recruited to evaluate the usability and appearance of the Comunica-Enf serious game. After using the game, the participants completed the Heuristic Evaluation of Digital Educational Games. A maximum of 25% of high or urgent priority problems in the whole game or heuristics is necessary to validate the game. RESULT: The participants considered Comunica-Enf suitable for nursing education because none of the heuristics reached more than 25% of high or urgent priority problems. The participants made suggestions that were analyzed and incorporated into the Comunica-Enf when possible. CONCLUSION: Comunica-Enf is an educational technology that uses Oculus Rift® and a 3D virtual reality perspective as an innovative resource. It had its appearance and usability validated for nursing students, providing a safe and pleasant environment for communication competence.

Receiving spontaneous demand in Primary Care: nurses' learning needs / Recepción de la demanda espontanea en la atención primaria: necesidades de aprendizaje de enfermeiros / Acolhimento da demanda espontânea na Atenção Primária: necessidades de aprendizagem de enfermeiros

ABSTRACT Objective: Identify nurse's learning needs to be related to the reception with risk classification of spontaneous demand in Primary Health Care. Method: Quality study including 15 nurses from Primary Health Care through participatory observation, application of semi-structured instrument, focus group, and of thematic content analysis. Results: 80% of nurses never used the risk classification protocol in Primary Health Care. Knowledge gaps involving clinical aspects of care; protocol management, and the nurse's role; and the historic, structural and cultural contradictions of the care model were confirmed. Final considerations: The recognition of learning needs for nurses that work in Primary Health Care implies in the construction or improvement of knowledge in order to develop, along with the health team, a risk classification of spontaneous demand, which requires a change in the education and continuity of their qualification for work and at work.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar necesidades de aprendizaje de enfermeros sobre recepción con clasificación de riesgo de la demanda espontanea en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado con 15 enfermeros de la Atención Primaria de Salud por medio de observación participante, aplicación de instrumento semiestructurado, equipo focal y análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: 80% de los enfermeros nunca utilizaron el protocolo de clasificación de riesgo en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Evidenciadas lagunas de conocimiento que envuelven los aspectos clínicos del cuidado; la gestión del protocolo y el papel del enfermero; y las contradicciones históricas, estructurales y culturales del modelo de cuidado. Consideraciones finales: El reconocimiento de necesidades de aprendizaje de los enfermeros actuantes en la Atención Primaria de Salud implica construcción o perfeccionamiento de saberes para desarrollar junto al equipo de salud la clasificación de riesgo de la demanda espontanea, el que requerir el cambio en la formación y la continuidad de su calificación en/para el trabajo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar necessidades de aprendizagem de enfermeiros sobre acolhimento com classificação de risco da demanda espontânea na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Método: Estudo qualitativo realizado com 15 enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde por meio de observação participante, aplicação de instrumento semiestruturado, grupo focal e análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: 80% dos enfermeiros nunca utilizaram o protocolo de classificação de risco na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Foram evidenciadas lacunas de conhecimento que envolvem os aspectos clínicos do cuidado; a gestão do protocolo e o papel do enfermeiro; e as contradições históricas, estruturais e culturais do modelo de cuidado. C onsiderações finais: O reconhecimento das necessidades de aprendizagem dos enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde implica construção ou aprimoramento de saberes para desenvolver junto com a equipe de saúde a classificação de risco da demanda espontânea, o que requer a mudança na formação e a continuidade de sua qualificação no/para o trabalho.

Development of an animated infographic on Permanent Health Education.

OBJECTIVE: to create an animated infographic on the concept of Permanent Health Education according to the National Policy and its main differences compared to continuing education and health education. METHOD: a methodological study that analyzed context and knowledge gaps with a literature review and brainstorming; synthesized knowledge into a concept map; built and validated a script; created a didactic design; and produced infographic media. 18 representatives from the Center for Permanent Education and Humanization participated in the stages of context analysis and synthesis of knowledge, and six specialists participated in the validation of the script. RESULTS: through the combination of texts, images, audios, animations and transitions, the concepts, principles and legal journey of the Permanent Education policy were presented with examples from daily work and, at the end, the difference compared to continuing education and health education is presented. The specialist on the theme evaluated the infographic positively as it has clear information that meet the needs of the target audience; favors learning; and is able to circulate in the scientific environment. CONCLUSION: the infographic includes content on Permanent Health Education as it represents the daily work scenario and encourages reflection by the health care workers.

Construction of professional identity in nursing students: qualitative research from the historical-cultural perspective.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the process of professional identity construction in undergraduate nursing students during their education. METHOD: qualitative research, anchored in the Historical-Cultural framework. Twenty-three undergraduate nursing students took part. Data were collected through individual interviews, with a semi-structured script. Thematic Analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: the following four themes were obtained, "The subject in movement to become a nurse: from previous experiences to entering the courses"; "The nursing professor in the construction of the undergraduate's professional identity: a two-way mirror"; "Pedagogical relationship: instrument for constructing the student's professional identity" and "Historical-cultural conditions: space for the construction of the student's professional identity". CONCLUSION: the construction of the students' professional identity is limited to the material conditions of existence, translating appropriation to the intrapsychic scope of elements that occur, first, in the inter-psychological space of interactions. Nursing professors can become a paradoxical mirror, with one face to be imitated and the other, which materializes meanings of a model not to be followed. This construction is also influenced by the conditions of professional practice and university education.

Debriefing methods and techniques used in nursing simulation.

OBJECTIVE: To identify in the literature methods and techniques of debriefing used in teaching and learning in nursing simulation. METHODS: Integrative review of PubMed/MEDLINE®, LILACS, Scopus and CINAHL® databases, with the descriptors "nursing", "nursing education", respective terms in English and Spanish, and the keyword "debriefing". Twelve primary studies, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, from January 2008 to December 2018 were included. Qualitative analysis was used to categorize the domains. RESULTS: The identified meaningful learning methods were based on principles of transfer of learning; model of clinical reasoning, interprofessional, with good judgment and structured and self-debriefing techniques, oral, eye-tracking, video-assisted and written debriefing. CONCLUSIONS: The structured method and the oral technique with video were outstanding. One method was not superior to the other but effective for a particular proposal. No national studies have been found. Research should be conducted on the effectiveness of nursing debriefing methods and techniques.

Development of an instructor guide tool: 'Three Stages of Holistic Debriefing'.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the development of an English and Brazilian Portuguese Holistic Debriefing Tool focused on nursing educator to promote a reflective learning. METHOD: a methodology study, with three phases: integrative literature review; tool development and review of a panel of nursing experts. The literature review tracked a systematic process. For the tool development were used literature review results, Lederman's Debriefing Process and Zabala's learning framework as theoretical referential to promote a reflective learning in High-Fidelity Simulation. The panel of nursing experts analysed the quality of the tool. RESULTS: literature review evidenced gaps about educator pedagogical preparation and indicated no holistic debriefing tool exists which captures formative and summative aspects of debriefing guidance to assist the educator to debrief. Debriefing tool was purposed with two pages: first page were recommended how conduct debriefing and second page is a questions guidance. The tool evaluation was undertaken for a total of three modifications for congruence and concept reader clarity. CONCLUSION: it was proposed a holistic debriefing tool focused on nursing educator. This study provides an overall picture of the process to promote a reflexive learning in High-Fidelity Simulation and to contribute to formal nursing educator training to apply best pedagogical practice.

Development of an animated infographic on Permanent Health Education / Desenvolvimento de infográfico animado sobre Educação Permanente em Saúde / Desarrollo de una infografía animada sobre Educación Permanente en Salud

Objective: to create an animated infographic on the concept of Permanent Health Education according to the National Policy and its main differences compared to continuing education and health education. Method: a methodological study that analyzed context and knowledge gaps with a literature review and brainstorming; synthesized knowledge into a concept map; built and validated a script; created a didactic design; and produced infographic media. 18 representatives from the Center for Permanent Education and Humanization participated in the stages of context analysis and synthesis of knowledge, and six specialists participated in the validation of the script. Results: through the combination of texts, images, audios, animations and transitions, the concepts, principles and legal journey of the Permanent Education policy were presented with examples from daily work and, at the end, the difference compared to continuing education and health education is presented. The specialist on the theme evaluated the infographic positively as it has clear information that meet the needs of the target audience; favors learning; and is able to circulate in the scientific environment. Conclusion: the infographic includes content on Permanent Health Education as it represents the daily work scenario and encourages reflection by the health care workers.

Objetivo: desenvolver infográfico animado sobre o conceito de Educação Permanente em Saúde de acordo com a Política Nacional e suas principais diferenças com relação à educação continuada e educação em saúde. Método: estudo metodológico por via de análise de contexto e lacunas de conhecimento com revisão de literatura e brainstorming; síntese de conhecimentos em mapa conceitual; construção e validação de roteiro; elaboração de desenho didático e produção da mídia infográfica. Participaram 18 interlocutores de Núcleo de Educação Permanente e Humanização nas etapas de análise do contexto e síntese do conhecimento e seis especialistas na validação do roteiro. Resultados: por meio de associação de textos, imagens, áudios, animações e transições, foram apresentados os conceitos, princípios e a trajetória legal da política de Educação Permanente, com exemplos do cotidiano do trabalho, destacando-se as diferenças com relação à educação continuada e educação em saúde. Os especialistas no tema avaliaram positivamente o infográfico por possuir informações claras, que atendem as necessidades do público-alvo; favorecer o aprendizado e estar apto para circular no meio científico. Conclusão: o infográfico contempla conteúdos sobre a Educação Permanente em Saúde ao representar o cenário do cotidiano do trabalho e incentiva a reflexão pelos trabalhadores da saúde.

Objetivo: desarrollar una infografía animada sobre el concepto de Educación Permanente en Salud de acuerdo con la Política Nacional y sus principales diferencias con respecto a la educación continua y a la educación en salud. Método: estudio metodológico que analizó el contexto y las brechas de conocimiento con revisión de la literatura y brainstorming, sintetizó el conocimiento en un mapa conceptual; creó y validó el guión; elaboró el diseño didáctico y produjo los medios infográficos. Participaron 18 interlocutores del Núcleo de Educación Permanente y Humanización en las etapas de análisis del contexto y síntesis de conocimientos y seis especialistas en la validación del guión. Resultados: mediante la asociación de textos, imágenes, audios, animaciones y transiciones, se presentaron los conceptos, los principios y trayectoria la jurídica de la política de Educación Permanente con ejemplos del trabajo cotidiano y, al final, se expone su diferencia en relación con la educación continua y la educación en salud. Los especialistas en la materia evaluaron positivamente la infografía por contener una información clara que satisface las necesidades del público objetivo: favoreciendo el aprendizaje y ser apta circular en el medio científico. Conclusión: la infografía contempla contenidos sobre la Educación Permanente en Salud al representar el escenario del trabajo diario; además, incentiva la reflexión de los trabajadores de la salud.

Uso de peças cadavéricas e modelos sintéticos no ensino da anatomia nos cursos de enfermagem / Uso de piezas cadavéricas y modelos sintéticos en la enseñanza de la anatomía en los cursos de enfermería / Use of cadaveric pieces and synthetic models in the anatomy teaching in undergraduate nursing courses

Objetivo: identificar potencialidades e dificuldades do uso de peças cadavéricas e sintéticas no ensino de anatomia nos cursos de Enfermagem. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo. Um questionário contendo 23 perguntas foi enviado aos estudantes do curso de Enfermagem que finalizaram a disciplina de anatomia nos anos de 2015 e 2016. Os dados foram analisados com auxílio de software estatístico denotados por frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: participaram do estudo 132 estudantes, destes 80,3% concordaram que as peças cadavéricas ajudam na construção do conhecimento; 35,6% não apresentam dificuldades em relacionar peças sintéticas com as cadavéricas; 38,6% discordam que o uso somente de peças cadavéricas é suficiente para a aprendizagem e 55,3% consideram que a utilização concomitante das peças auxilia o entendimento. Conclusão: o uso de cadáveres no ensino da Anatomia apresenta mais potencialidades quando comparado ao uso de peças sintéticas. A utilização associada desses recursos facilita o processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

Objective: to identify potentialities and difficulties of the use of cadaveric and synthetic pieces in the anatomy teaching in Nursing courses. Method: quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study. A questionnaire containing 23 questions was sent to the students of the Nursing course who finished the anatomy subject in 2015 and 2016. Data were analyzed with the help of statistical software denoted by absolute and relative frequencies. Results: the study included 132 students, 80.3% of them agreed that cadaveric pieces help the knowledge construction; 35.6% do not have difficulties in relating synthetic parts with cadaveric ones; 38.6% disagree that the use of cadaveric pieces alone is enough for learning; and 55.3% consider that the concomitant use of pieces helps the understanding. Conclusion: the use of cadavers in the anatomy teaching shows more potentialities when compared to the use of synthetic pieces. The associated use of these resources facilitates the teaching-learning process.

Objetivo: identificar las potencialidades y dificultades del uso de piezas cadavéricas y sintéticas en la enseñanza de la anatomía en los cursos de enfermería. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo. Se envió un cuestionario con 23 preguntas a los estudiantes del curso de Enfermería que terminaron la asignatura de anatomía en 2015 y 2016. Los datos se analizaron con la ayuda de un programa estadístico denotados por frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: el estudio abarcó 132 estudiantes, el 80,3% de ellos acordaron que las piezas cadavéricas ayudan a la construcción del conocimiento; el 35,6% no presentaron dificultades para relacionar las partes sintéticas con las cadavéricas; el 38,6% discreparon con el uso solamente de las piezas cadavéricas es suficiente para el aprendizaje; y el 55,3% consideran que el uso concomitante de las piezas ayuda a la comprensión. Conclusión: el uso de cadáveres en la enseñanza de la Anatomía presenta mayores potencialidades en comparación con el uso de piezas sintéticas. El uso asociado de estos recursos facilita el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

Development of an instructor guide tool: 'Three Stages of Holistic Debriefing' / Desenvolvimento de um guia de orientação para instrutores: "Três Estágios do Debriefing holístico" / Desarrollo de una guía para el instructor: 'Tres Fases del Debriefing Holístico'

Objective: to describe the development of an English and Brazilian Portuguese Holistic Debriefing Tool focused on nursing educator to promote a reflective learning. Method: a methodology study, with three phases: integrative literature review; tool development and review of a panel of nursing experts. The literature review tracked a systematic process. For the tool development were used literature review results, Lederman's Debriefing Process and Zabala's learning framework as theoretical referential to promote a reflective learning in High-Fidelity Simulation. The panel of nursing experts analysed the quality of the tool. Results: literature review evidenced gaps about educator pedagogical preparation and indicated no holistic debriefing tool exists which captures formative and summative aspects of debriefing guidance to assist the educator to debrief. Debriefing tool was purposed with two pages: first page were recommended how conduct debriefing and second page is a questions guidance. The tool evaluation was undertaken for a total of three modifications for congruence and concept reader clarity. Conclusion: it was proposed a holistic debriefing tool focused on nursing educator. This study provides an overall picture of the process to promote a reflexive learning in High-Fidelity Simulation and to contribute to formal nursing educator training to apply best pedagogical practice.

Objetivo: descrever o desenvolvimento de um guia holístico de debriefing, em inglês e português do Brasil, focado em enfermeiros educadores para promover a aprendizagem reflexiva. Método: estudo metodológico, com três fases: revisão integrativa de literatura, desenvolvimento do guia e sua avaliação por um painel de especialistas em enfermagem. A revisão de literatura seguiu um processo sistemático. Para o desenvolvimento do guia, os resultados da revisão de literatura foram utilizados, juntamente com o processo de debriefing de Lederman e o referencial de aprendizagem de Zabala, como base teórica para promover a aprendizagem reflexiva durante a Simulação de Alta Fidelidade. O painel de especialistas em enfermagem analisou a qualidade do guia. Resultados: a revisão da literatura revelou lacunas na preparação dos educadores pedagógicos e a ausência de ferramentas holísticas de debriefing que incluam os aspectos formativos e sumativos de orientação em debriefing para auxiliar os educadores. O guia de debriefing foi desenvolvido em duas páginas: a primeira página recomenda como conduzir o debriefing e a segunda contém perguntas de orientação. O guia foi avaliado e passou por um total de três modificações para congruência dos itens avaliados e adequação dos termos utilizados. Conclusão: foi proposto um guia holístico de debriefing visando enfermeiros educadores. Este estudo fornece uma visão geral do processo para promover a aprendizagem reflexiva na Simulação de Alta Fidelidade e contribui para o treinamento formal de enfermeiros educadores para a aplicação das melhores práticas pedagógicas.

Objetivo: describir el desarrollo de un Instrumento del Debriefing Holístico en inglés y portugués brasileño dirigido al educador de enfermería para promover un aprendizaje reflexivo. Método: estudio metodológico, con tres fases: revisión integradora de la literatura, desarrollo del instrumento, y revisión de un panel de expertos en enfermería. La revisión de la literatura siguió un proceso sistemático. Para el desarrollo del instrumento se utilizaron los resultados de la revisión de la literatura, el proceso de debriefing de Lederman y el sistema de aprendizaje de Zabala como referencial teórico para promover un aprendizaje reflexivo en la Simulación de Alta Fidelidad. El panel de expertos en enfermería analizó la calidad del instrumento. Resultados: la revisión de la literatura evidenció carencias en la preparación pedagógica del educador e indicó que no existe un instrumento integral de debriefing estructurada que capture los aspectos formativos y sumativos de la orientación del debriefing estructurado para ayudar al educador a realizarlo. El instrumento de del debriefing estructurado se preparó utilizando dos páginas: la primera muestra cómo realizar del debriefing estructurado y la segunda es una guía de preguntas. La evaluación del instrumento se realizó para un total de tres modificaciones para la congruencia y la claridad de lectura de los conceptos. Conclusión: se propone un Instrumento del Debriefing Holístico dirigido al educador de enfermería. Este estudio proporciona una visión general del proceso para promover un aprendizaje reflexivo en la Simulación de Alta Fidelidad y contribuir a la capacitación formal del educador de enfermería para aplicar la mejor práctica pedagógica.

Debriefing methods and techniques used in nursing simulation / Métodos y técnicas de debriefing utilizadas en la simulación de enfermería / Métodos e técnicas de debriefing utilizados em simulação na enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify in the literature methods and techniques of debriefing used in teaching and learning in nursing simulation. Methods: Integrative review of PubMed/MEDLINE®, LILACS, Scopus and CINAHL® databases, with the descriptors "nursing", "nursing education", respective terms in English and Spanish, and the keyword "debriefing". Twelve primary studies, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, from January 2008 to December 2018 were included. Qualitative analysis was used to categorize the domains. Results: The identified meaningful learning methods were based on principles of transfer of learning; model of clinical reasoning, interprofessional, with good judgment and structured and self-debriefing techniques, oral, eye-tracking, video-assisted and written debriefing. Conclusions: The structured method and the oral technique with video were outstanding. One method was not superior to the other but effective for a particular proposal. No national studies have been found. Research should be conducted on the effectiveness of nursing debriefing methods and techniques.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura los métodos y técnicas de análisis utilizados en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la simulación de enfermería. Métodos: Revisión integradora en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE®, LILACS, Scopus y CINAHL®, con los descriptores "enfermería", "educación de enfermería", términos respectivos en inglés y español y la palabra clave "interrogatorio". Doce estudios primarios en portugués, inglés y español, desde enero de 2008 hasta diciembre de 2018. Se utilizó el análisis cualitativo para clasificar los dominios. Resultados: Se identificaron los métodos de análisis significativo de información; Basado en principios de transferencia de aprendizaje; modelo de razonamiento clínico, interprofesional, bien juzgado y estructurado, y técnicas de autoinforme; oral Seguimiento de los ojos; Video asistido y redacción de informes. Conclusiones: Se destaca el método estructurado y la técnica oral con video. Un método no era superior a otro, pero era efectivo para una propuesta dada. No se encontraron estudios nacionales. Se sugiere, investigación sobre la efectividad de los métodos y técnicas de interrogatorio en enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar na literatura métodos e técnicas de debriefing utilizados no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na simulação em enfermagem. Métodos: Revisão integrativa, nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE®, LILACS, Scopus e CINAHL®, com os descritores "enfermagem", "educação em enfermagem", respectivos termos em inglês e espanhol e a palavra chave "debriefing" Incluíram-se 12 estudos primários, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2018. Utilizou-se análise qualitativa para categorização dos domínios. Resultados: Identificaram-se os métodos de debriefing Meaningful Learning; based on principles of transfer of learning; model of clinical reasoning, interprofissional, com bom julgamento e estruturado, e técnicas self-debriefing; oral; Eye-Tracking; videoassistido e written debriefing. Conclusões: Sobressaíram-se o método estruturado e a técnica oral com vídeo. Um método não foi superior ao outro, mas eficaz para determinada proposta. Não foram encontrados estudos nacionais. Sugere-se, pesquisas sobre a eficácia dos métodos e técnicas debriefing na enfermagem.

Construction of professional identity in nursing students: qualitative research from the historical-cultural perspective / A construção da identidade profissional em estudantes de enfermagem: pesquisa qualitativa na perspectiva histórico-cultural / La construcción de la identidad profesional en estudiantes de enfermería: investigación cualitativa en la perspectiva histórico-cultural

Objective: to analyze the process of professional identity construction in undergraduate nursing students during their education. Method: qualitative research, anchored in the Historical-Cultural framework. Twenty-three undergraduate nursing students took part. Data were collected through individual interviews, with a semi-structured script. Thematic Analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: the following four themes were obtained, "The subject in movement to become a nurse: from previous experiences to entering the courses"; "The nursing professor in the construction of the undergraduate's professional identity: a two-way mirror"; "Pedagogical relationship: instrument for constructing the student's professional identity" and "Historical-cultural conditions: space for the construction of the student's professional identity". Conclusion: the construction of the students' professional identity is limited to the material conditions of existence, translating appropriation to the intrapsychic scope of elements that occur, first, in the inter-psychological space of interactions. Nursing professors can become a paradoxical mirror, with one face to be imitated and the other, which materializes meanings of a model not to be followed. This construction is also influenced by the conditions of professional practice and university education.

Objetivo: analisar o processo de construção da identidade profissional de enfermeiro pelos estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem no percurso de sua formação. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, ancorada no referencial Histórico-Cultural. Participaram 23 estudantes da graduação em Enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas individuais, com roteiro semiestruturado. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a Análise Temática. Resultados: obtiveram-se quatro temas, "O sujeito em movimento de tornar-se enfermeiro: das experiências prévias ao ingresso no curso"; "O professor enfermeiro na construção da identidade profissional do graduando: dois sentidos do mesmo espelho"; "Relação pedagógica: instrumento para construção da identidade profissional do aluno" e "Condições histórico-culturais: espaço de construção da identidade profissional do aluno". Conclusão: a construção da identidade profissional dos alunos circunscreve-se às condições materiais de existência, traduz a apropriação para o âmbito intrapsíquico de elementos que se dão, primeiramente, no espaço interpsicológico das interações. Os professores enfermeiros podem se constituir espelho paradoxal, com uma face tomada para imitação, e outra que materializa significados de modelo a não ser seguido. Essa construção é também influenciada pelas condições do exercício profissional e da formação universitária.

Objetivo: analizar el proceso de construcción de la identidad profesional de los enfermeros por los estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería durante su formación profesional. Método: investigación cualitativa, anclada en el marco histórico-cultural. Participaron 23 estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas individuales, con un guion semiestructurado. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó el análisis temático. Resultados: se obtuvieron cuatro temas, "El individuo en movimiento para convertirse en un profesional de enfermería: desde las experiencias previas hasta ingresar al curso"; "El maestro de enfermería en la construcción de la identidad profesional del estudiante: dos sentidos del mismo espejo"; "Relación pedagógica: instrumento para construir la identidad profesional del estudiante" y "Condiciones histórico-culturales: espacio para la construcción de la identidad profesional del estudiante". Conclusión: la construcción de la identidad profesional de los estudiantes se limita a las condiciones materiales de existencia, traduciendo la apropiación al alcance intrapsíquico de elementos que ocurren, primero, en el espacio interpsicológico de interacciones. Los maestros de enfermería pueden convertirse en un espejo paradójico, con una frente que sirve de ejemplo, y la otra que materializa significados que indican un modelo que no se debe seguir. Esta construcción también está influenciada por las condiciones de la práctica profesional y la educación universitaria.

Debriefing methods and techniques used in nursing simulation / Métodos y técnicas de debriefing utilizadas en la simulación de enfermería / Métodos e técnicas de debriefing utilizados em simulação na enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify in the literature methods and techniques of debriefing used in teaching and learning in nursing simulation. Methods: Integrative review of PubMed/MEDLINE®, LILACS, Scopus and CINAHL® databases, with the descriptors "nursing", "nursing education", respective terms in English and Spanish, and the keyword "debriefing". Twelve primary studies, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, from January 2008 to December 2018 were included. Qualitative analysis was used to categorize the domains. Results: The identified meaningful learning methods were based on principles of transfer of learning; model of clinical reasoning, interprofessional, with good judgment and structured and self-debriefing techniques, oral, eye-tracking, video-assisted and written debriefing. Conclusions: The structured method and the oral technique with video were outstanding. One method was not superior to the other but effective for a particular proposal. No national studies have been found. Research should be conducted on the effectiveness of nursing debriefing methods and techniques.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura los métodos y técnicas de análisis utilizados en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la simulación de enfermería. Métodos: Revisión integradora en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE®, LILACS, Scopus y CINAHL®, con los descriptores "enfermería", "educación de enfermería", términos respectivos en inglés y español y la palabra clave "interrogatorio". Doce estudios primarios en portugués, inglés y español, desde enero de 2008 hasta diciembre de 2018. Se utilizó el análisis cualitativo para clasificar los dominios. Resultados: Se identificaron los métodos de análisis significativo de información; Basado en principios de transferencia de aprendizaje; modelo de razonamiento clínico, interprofesional, bien juzgado y estructurado, y técnicas de autoinforme; oral Seguimiento de los ojos; Video asistido y redacción de informes. Conclusiones: Se destaca el método estructurado y la técnica oral con video. Un método no era superior a otro, pero era efectivo para una propuesta dada. No se encontraron estudios nacionales. Se sugiere, investigación sobre la efectividad de los métodos y técnicas de interrogatorio en enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar na literatura métodos e técnicas de debriefing utilizados no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na simulação em enfermagem. Métodos: Revisão integrativa, nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE®, LILACS, Scopus e CINAHL®, com os descritores "enfermagem", "educação em enfermagem", respectivos termos em inglês e espanhol e a palavra chave "debriefing" Incluíram-se 12 estudos primários, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2018. Utilizou-se análise qualitativa para categorização dos domínios. Resultados: Identificaram-se os métodos de debriefing Meaningful Learning; based on principles of transfer of learning; model of clinical reasoning, interprofissional, com bom julgamento e estruturado, e técnicas self-debriefing; oral; Eye-Tracking; videoassistido e written debriefing. Conclusões: Sobressaíram-se o método estruturado e a técnica oral com vídeo. Um método não foi superior ao outro, mas eficaz para determinada proposta. Não foram encontrados estudos nacionais. Sugere-se, pesquisas sobre a eficácia dos métodos e técnicas debriefing na enfermagem.

Strengthening universal health: development of a nursing and midwifery education quality improvement toolkit.

OBJECTIVE: to present the development of a toolkit for education quality improvement in universal health and primary health care, targeting schools of nursing and midwifery in Latin American and Caribbean countries. METHODS: an expert work group conducted a systematic literature review, selected key content and completed toolkit drafting, using an iterative consensus approach. International partners reviewed the toolkit. Cognitive debriefing data were analyzed, revisions and new tools were integrated, and the final version was approved. RESULTS: twenty-two articles were identified and mapped as resources. The Model for Improvement, a data-driven approach to performance analysis, was selected for its widespread use and simplicity in carrying out the following steps: 1) organize a team, 2) assess improvement need regarding universal health and primary health care education, 3) set an aim/goal and identify priorities using a matrix, 4) establish metrics, 5) identify change, 6) carry out a series of Plan-Do-Study-Act learning cycles, and 7) sustain change. CONCLUSIONS: the Education Quality Improvement Toolkit, developed through stakeholder consensus, provides a systematic, and potentially culturally adaptable approach to improve student, faculty, and program areas associated with universal health coverage and access.